Histone modifications, DNA methylation, and Schizophrenia
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Basic principles of epigenetics: DNA methylation and histone modifications
modern medicine in the 50 years since Watson and Crick described their structural model of DNA. In this time, significant advances have been made in identifying specific mutations associated with such human diseases as Huntington’s chorea and cystic fibrosis. Further advances, including the Human Genome Project, are providing new opportunities to develop better diagnostic tools and targeted gen...
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Genomic imprinting is the process by which the expression of certain genes is silenced by epigenetic modifcations of the allele. These modifcations are mostly reversible and produce heritable gene regulation without any change to the underlying sequence itself. DNA methylation and histone modifications are the two main types of epigenetic modifications that have been found instrumental in the p...
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Classically, the development of cancer in humans has been viewed as a progressive, multistep process of transformation of normal cells into malignant cells driven by genetic alterations [1, 2]. However, a wealth of data in the past decade indicates that human cancer cells, in addition to a large number of genetic alterations, exhibit prominent epigenetic abnormalities, e.g. aberrant DNA methyla...
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In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Karimi et al. (2011) show that DNA methylation and histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) have distinct genomic targets in mouse ESCs. In particular, loss of H3K9me3 leads to derepression of select endogenous retroviruses and subsequent ectopic transcription of adjacent genes.
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DNA methylation has been implicated in chromatin condensation and nuclear organization, especially at sites of constitutive heterochromatin. How this is mediated has not been clear. In this study, using mutant mouse embryonic stem cells completely lacking in DNA methylation, we show that DNA methylation affects nuclear organization and nucleosome structure but not chromatin compaction. In the a...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
سال: 2010
ISSN: 0149-7634
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.10.010